物流專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯

1、<p>　　Combining multi-class queueing networks and inventory models for performance analysis of multi-product manufacturing logistics chains</p><p>　　Yifan Wu & Ming Dong</p><p>　　Receiv

2、ed: 15 October 2006 /Accepted: 6 March 2007 /Published online: 31 March 2007</p><p>　　# Springer-Verlag London Limited 2007</p><p>　　Abstract Manufacturing logistics chains consist of complex in

3、terconnections among several suppliers, manufacturing facilities, warehouses, retailers and logistics providers. Performance modeling and analysis become increasingly more important and difficult in the management of suc

4、h complex manufacturing logistics networks. Many research studies have developed different methods to solve such problems. However, most of the research focuses on logistics systems with either a single stage or single &

5、lt;/p><p>　　multi-class inventory queue models is presented for the performance analysis of a serial multi-stage manufacturing logistics chain in which multiple types of products are produced at each stage. A j

6、ob queue decomposition strategy is employed to analyze the major performance measures and an approach for aggregating input streams and separating output streams is proposed to link all the sites or nodes in the logistic

7、s chain together. Numerical results show that the proposed method is effective for</p><p>　　Keywords Multi-class queueing networks .Inventory models .Multi-stage manufacturing logistic chains . Aggregation .

8、 Separation</p><p>　　1 Introduction</p><p>　　A manufacturing logistic chain can be viewed as a network of suppliers, manufacturing sites, distribution centers, and customer locations, through wh

9、ich components and products flow. A node in a network can be a physical location, a sub-network, or just an operation process, while links represent material (components or products) flow. These networks find significant

10、 applications in manufacturing and logistics in many industries, such as the electronic and automobile industries [10]. Throughout </p><p>　　Motivated by this challenge, many researchers have devoted much wo

11、rk to this issue. However, most of the literature is focused on systems with single products only and literature on multi-stage logistics chains with multi-products is limited. The assumption that every stage or node of

12、the network produces a single class of product does not characterize the real world very well since nearly all firms produce more than one kind of product with limited service capacity. In this paper, a model is de</p

13、><p>　　In order to evaluate the performance of a serial manufacturing logistics chain, a parametric decomposition approach is adopted, which has been widely used to analyze multi-stage systems or networks. The

14、basic idea is to approximately analyze the individual queues separately after approximately characterizing the arrival processes to each queue by a few parameters (usually two, one to represent the rate and another to re

15、present the variability). The goal is to approximately represent the network </p><p>　　The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 provides a review of the relevant literature. In Sect. 3, the o

16、perations and the principal characteristics of the developed model are described. A decomposition method that divides the whole logistics chain into multiple single-stage queuing networks is proposed and the performance

17、measures by analyzing the single-stage queueing network are obtained in Sect. 4. Section 5 presents some numerical results. Section 6 summarizes this research a</p><p>　　2 Literature review</p><p&

18、gt;　　Significant literature exists on inventory management in logistics chains. In the following, some prior studies devoted to the issues which are similar to the above described problems are reviewed. Some important wo

19、rk on single-product multi-stage systems is reviewed. Lee and Zipkin [11, 12] and Duri et al. [9] used the decomposition method to analyze the tandem queues and processing networks. They transformed the production system

20、 into a multi-echelon model with limited production capacities. A</p><p>　　The purpose of this paper is threefold: (1) To provide an integrated modeling framework for manufacturing logistics chains in which

21、the interdependencies between model components are captured; (2) To develop a network of inventory-queue models for performance analysis of an integrated logistics chain with inventory control at all sites; and (3) To ex

22、tend the previous work developed for a supply network model with base-stock control and service requirements. Instead of a single type product produ</p><p>　　3 An integrated modeling framework for logistics

23、chains</p><p>　　Logistics chains may differ in the network structure (serial, parallel, assembly and arborescent distribution), product structure (levels of bill-of-materials), transportation modes, and degr

24、ee of uncertainty that they face. However, they have some basic elements in common [8].</p><p>　　3.1 Sites and stores </p><p>　　A logistics chain can be viewed as a network of functional sites c

25、onnected by different material flow paths. Generally, there are four types of sites: (1) Supplier sites which procure raw materials from outside suppliers; (2) Fabrication sites which transform raw materials into compone

26、nts; (3) Assembly sites which assemble the components into semi-finished products or finished goods; and (4) Distribution sites which deliver the finished products to warehouses or customers. All sites in the netwo</p

27、><p>　　Typically, there are two types of operations performed at a site in a logistics chain: material receiving and production. A material receiving operation is one that receives input materials from upstream

28、 sites and stocks them as a stockpile to be used for production. A production operation is one in which fabrication or assembly activities occur, transforming or assembling input materials into output materials. Correspo

29、ndingly, each site in the logistics chain has two kinds of stores: input stor</p><p><b>　　3.2 Links</b></p><p>　　All stores in the logistics chains are connected together by links th

30、at represent supply and demand processes. Two types of links are defined: internal link and external link. Internal links are used to connect the stores within a site, i.e., they represent the material flow paths from in

31、put stores to output stores within a site. A link connecting an output store of one site to an input store of another site is called an external link. This kind of link represents that the output store provides </p>

32、;<p>　　結(jié)合多級排隊(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和庫存模型用于多產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)物流鏈的性能分析</p><p>　　Ming Dong（馬薩諸塞州立大學(xué)）</p><p>　　收稿日期：2006年10月15日/接受日期：2007年3月6日/發(fā)表時間：二零零七年三月</p><p>　?。Ｊ┢樟指癯霭嫔鐐惗赜邢薰?007</p><p>　　摘要：生產(chǎn)

33、物流鏈包含著幾個供應(yīng)商、生產(chǎn)設(shè)備、倉庫、零售商和物流提供者之間錯綜復(fù)雜的聯(lián)系。管理如此復(fù)雜的生產(chǎn)物流網(wǎng)時，性能建模與分析就變得越來越重要，也變得越來越困難。許多調(diào)研研究已開發(fā)了集中方法來解決這種問題。然而，大多數(shù)的研究都集中在物流體系上的單一階段或單一產(chǎn)品?，F(xiàn)實(shí)情況中，行業(yè)常涉及多個階段，并在某一階段生產(chǎn)多種產(chǎn)品。本文旨在通過將多級排隊(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)與庫存模型結(jié)合起來，開發(fā)一種新的方法，以用于多產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)物流鏈的性能分析。多級庫存排隊(duì)模型網(wǎng)絡(luò)是用來

34、分析一系列多階段生產(chǎn)物流鏈的性能分析，并且每一階段都生產(chǎn)多種類型的產(chǎn)品。采用任務(wù)隊(duì)列分解策略來分析改進(jìn)性能得主要措施和方法，用于輸入流的聚合。本文也提出輸出流的分離以將物流鏈中的所有廠址及節(jié)點(diǎn)聯(lián)系在一起。計(jì)算結(jié)果表明，所提出的方法對應(yīng)用實(shí)例是有效的。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：多級排隊(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò) 庫存模式 多階段生產(chǎn)物流鏈 聚合 分離</p><p><b>　　簡

35、介</b></p><p>　　生產(chǎn)物流鏈可被視作是一系列供應(yīng)商、生產(chǎn)廠址、配送中心與顧客所在地之間的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，通過這一網(wǎng)絡(luò)，各個組件和產(chǎn)品可以自由流通。一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的節(jié)點(diǎn)可以是一個物理位置、子網(wǎng)絡(luò)，或只是一個操作過程，而聯(lián)系代表物料流通。這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)在許多行業(yè)的生產(chǎn)和物流中都有很多重要的應(yīng)用，例如電子和汽車行業(yè)。在這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，有各種來源的不確定性，包括電源（可用性和質(zhì)量）、過程（機(jī)器故障、操作變化）、需求（到

36、達(dá)時間和數(shù)量）。此外，這些變化會從上游階段傳播到下游階段。這些不確定性降低了該網(wǎng)絡(luò)的性能表現(xiàn)，如更長的周期時間，更低的填充速率。在該網(wǎng)絡(luò)的不同階段，庫存可用于緩沖不確定性，但他們也有不同的成本，并且會對最終產(chǎn)品服務(wù)產(chǎn)生不同程度的影響。因此，他們的有效配置和控制就成為物流鏈管理者的一大挑戰(zhàn)。在這種復(fù)雜生產(chǎn)物流鏈的管理中，性能建模與分析就變得越來越重要，也越來越困難。庫存包括原材料、組件和成品，經(jīng)常占生產(chǎn)型企業(yè)總資產(chǎn)的20%到60%。因此，

37、良好的庫存管理系統(tǒng)對生產(chǎn)物流鏈的有效運(yùn)作是很重要的。</p><p>　　受這一挑戰(zhàn)激勵，許多研究者對這一問題已做了許多研究。然而，大多數(shù)的文獻(xiàn)都集中于單一產(chǎn)品的系統(tǒng)，關(guān)于多產(chǎn)品的多階段物流鏈的文獻(xiàn)少之又少。該網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的每一階段或每一節(jié)點(diǎn)都只生產(chǎn)單一產(chǎn)品的假設(shè)，并不與現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的情形一致，因?yàn)閹缀跛泄驹谟邢薜姆?wù)能力內(nèi)，都生產(chǎn)了好幾種產(chǎn)品。在本文中，我們研究了一個模式，來描述多產(chǎn)品與有限能力內(nèi)的復(fù)雜生產(chǎn)物流鏈的動

38、態(tài)。提出的分析方法是為了提高這些模型的性能。計(jì)算結(jié)果分析表明提出的模型效果顯著。仿真技術(shù)也可用于分析該系統(tǒng)的性能表現(xiàn)，但要想找到物流鏈的一個優(yōu)化配置，許多不同的系統(tǒng)變量都應(yīng)進(jìn)行評估。仿真評估經(jīng)常消耗大量的時間。因此需要分析評估方法，以快速確定關(guān)鍵的性能措施，即使這些方法只是物流鏈真實(shí)表現(xiàn)的一個大概。</p><p>　　為評估串行生產(chǎn)物流鏈的性能，我們采用了參數(shù)分解法，這一方法經(jīng)常被廣泛用于分析多階段系統(tǒng)或網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

39、基本理念是在幾個參數(shù)（通常是兩個，一個代表速率，另一個代表可變性）近似地描述到達(dá)每一隊(duì)的過程后，再近似地分析單個列隊(duì)。目標(biāo)是通過這些到達(dá)過程參數(shù)表明網(wǎng)絡(luò)依賴度。即使某個隊(duì)列中出現(xiàn)堵塞，整個網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能也不會受到影響，因?yàn)樗羞@些隊(duì)列都是相互獨(dú)立的，即，其余部分評估過程的執(zhí)行的前提是，所有的穩(wěn)態(tài)分布的客戶數(shù)量都有一個產(chǎn)品表格。在提出的模型中，整個物流鏈被分解成多個單一階段多級庫存隊(duì)列（庫存隊(duì)列是一種排隊(duì)模型，它采用一定的存庫補(bǔ)充政策，如基料）

40、。每個單一階段多級庫存隊(duì)列的輸入（原材料或組件到達(dá)過程）都用于捕捉原始鏈中的輸入流的特點(diǎn)。</p><p>　　本文其他部分的組織結(jié)構(gòu)如下。第二部分為文獻(xiàn)綜述。第三部分描述了開發(fā)模型的操作與主要特點(diǎn)。第四部分提出了一種分解方法，將整個物流鏈分解成多個單一階段的排隊(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，并通過分析單一階段的排隊(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，提供了幾項(xiàng)提高物流性能得措施。第五部分呈現(xiàn)了一些計(jì)算結(jié)果。第六部分總結(jié)了該項(xiàng)研究，并未未來的研究指明了一些方向。&l

41、t;/p><p><b>　　文獻(xiàn)綜述</b></p><p>　　關(guān)于物流鏈中的庫存管理，存在著很多有重大意義的文獻(xiàn)。接下來，我們將回顧一些先前的致力于解決以上描述的類似問題的文獻(xiàn)。關(guān)于單一產(chǎn)品多個階段系統(tǒng)的一些文獻(xiàn)也是我們回顧的重點(diǎn)。Lee and Zipkin [11, 12] and Duri et al. [9] 使用分解方法分析了串聯(lián)隊(duì)列和處理網(wǎng)絡(luò)問題。他們將

42、生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)變成為一個有限產(chǎn)能的多級模式。Azaron 等人[3]為多級組裝開發(fā)一個開放的排隊(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò),在其中每個服務(wù)組件在多級站代表一個生產(chǎn)或裝配操作。在該模型中, 在不同的生產(chǎn)階段不僅制造和組裝加工時間被視為到達(dá)率和服務(wù)率的函數(shù),而且制造之前在服務(wù)站點(diǎn)之前的傳送時間也被考慮在其中。假設(shè)產(chǎn)品單個部件到達(dá)過程是相互獨(dú)立的等速率泊松過程。在每個服務(wù)站中，存在處理時間為指數(shù)分布的服務(wù)。服務(wù)站之間的傳送時間假設(shè)為具有指數(shù)分布的相互獨(dú)立的隨機(jī)變量。通

43、過在排隊(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中使用最長路徑分析法，可以的到一個產(chǎn)品在系統(tǒng)中的時間或制造所需時間的分布函數(shù)。本文研究內(nèi)容與Liu等人[13]的研究更為相似。他們開發(fā)了一個多階段庫存排隊(duì)模式和任務(wù)隊(duì)列分解方法，用于評估串行生產(chǎn)和供應(yīng)鏈系統(tǒng)在每個階段的庫存管理性能表現(xiàn)。本文中</p><p>　　本文的目的有三個：（1）為生產(chǎn)物流鏈提供一個綜合的建?？蚣?，可用于發(fā)現(xiàn)模型組件中的相互依存關(guān)系；（2）開發(fā)一個庫存排隊(duì)模型網(wǎng)絡(luò)，用于所有場址

44、綜合物流鏈庫存管理的性能分析；和（3）延伸先前開展的工作，開發(fā)一個用于基庫控制和服務(wù)需求的供應(yīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型。未討論單一階段無限能力內(nèi)的單一產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)，我們考慮了單一階段有限能力內(nèi)的多產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)。</p><p>　　3. 一個物流鏈的綜合建模框架</p><p>　　物流鏈可能會因網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)（串行、并行、裝配和樹狀分布）、產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)（材料清單的水平）、運(yùn)輸模式、和他們面臨的不確定性程度而異。然而，他們

45、有一些共同的基本元素。</p><p><b>　　3.1廠址與商鋪</b></p><p>　　物流鏈可看作由不同材料流通路徑所建立的廠址之間的聯(lián)系。通常說來，有四種類型的物流鏈：（1）供應(yīng)商廠址：從外部供應(yīng)商處生產(chǎn)原材料；（2）制造廠址：將原材料轉(zhuǎn)換成組件；（3）裝配廠址：將組件裝配成半成品或成品；和（4）配送廠址：將成品運(yùn)至倉庫或客戶。該網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的所有廠址都能夠構(gòu)

46、建零件、組件或成品，無論是按庫存生產(chǎn)模式還是按訂單生產(chǎn)模式。這些廠址都可視作整個物流鏈建模過程中的構(gòu)建模塊。圖1顯示了一個物流鏈的物理模型。</p><p>　　通常，物流鏈的一個廠址會實(shí)行兩種操作模式：材料接收和生產(chǎn)。材料接收操作是從上游廠址接收輸入材料，然后將他們作為儲備儲藏起來，以便用于生產(chǎn)。生產(chǎn)操作是指制造或組裝活動，將輸入材料改造或裝配成輸出材料的過程。相應(yīng)地，物流鏈中的每個廠址也對應(yīng)兩種商鋪：輸入商鋪

47、與輸出商鋪。每種商鋪都儲存單個SKU。輸入商鋪接收并儲存來自上游廠址的不同種類的部件，輸出商鋪則儲存該廠址的成品（在圖2中，一個廠址由一個虛線框表示，包含輸入商鋪和輸出商鋪）。</p><p><b>　　3.2 聯(lián)系</b></p><p>　　物流鏈上的所有商鋪都通過代表供應(yīng)與需求過程的聯(lián)系而彼此關(guān)聯(lián)。本文定義了兩種聯(lián)系：內(nèi)部聯(lián)系和外部聯(lián)系。內(nèi)部聯(lián)系被用來與廠址周

48、圍的商鋪建立連接，即，他們代表了物料流路徑從輸入商鋪到輸出商鋪的過程。從一個廠址的輸出商鋪到另一個廠址的輸入商鋪之間的關(guān)系被稱為外部聯(lián)系。這種聯(lián)系代表輸出商鋪向指定的下游輸入商鋪補(bǔ)充庫存。</p><p>　　淘寶店鋪“二月蘭翻譯工作室”，定制各專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯，文獻(xiàn)摘要翻譯服務(wù)，有需要的可聯(lián)系QQ：729036370，或訪問http://eryuelantranslation.taobao.com</