畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯-食品工業(yè)污水處理

1、FOODINDUSTRYWASTEWATERTREATMENT食品工業(yè)污水處理食品工業(yè)污水處理AbstractThepurposeofthepresentstudyistoassesstheconditionofwastewaterspertainingtotheproductionofcookingoiltodevelopaneffectivelowcostmethodfpurificationofwastewatersutilisa

2、tionofotheroilproductionrelatedwasteswhichwouldcomplywithenvironmentalsafetyrequirements.Itwasmadeaqualityassessmentintermsofcontentofpollutingsubstancesofcookingoilproductionwastewater.Fidentificationoffatcontent(phosph

3、olipids)ofwastewatersthethinlayerchromatographymethodwasapplied.Thebasisoftheproposedmethodfpurificationofwastewaterswasapreliminaryseparationofclarifiedneutralizedwastewaterbydintofcalciumcarbonatesubsequentlysodiumhypo

4、chlitefwaterclarificationitsadditionalneutralizationwasused.Thepresentedmethodallowsreachingahighdegreeofwastewaterpurificationbeingeffectivelowcost.摘要摘要本研究的目的是評(píng)估生產(chǎn)食用油污水的情況和制定一個(gè)有效的、低成本的凈化方法，在遵守環(huán)保安全要求的情況下利用其他含油污水和含油廢棄物，旨在

5、按照質(zhì)量來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)烹調(diào)產(chǎn)生的油類污水。其中薄層色譜法應(yīng)用于識(shí)別脂肪含量(磷脂)的污水。在該方法的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)污水的凈化是一個(gè)初步澄清分離污水中的碳酸鈣，隨后用次氯酸鈉澄清水，再添加中和劑的過(guò)程。本文所提出的方法可以達(dá)到一個(gè)高度凈化污水的目的，具有高效、低成本的特點(diǎn)。Keywds:Cookingoilproductionwastewaterphospholipidsthinlayerchromatographywastewaterpurific

6、ationwastewatertreatment關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞:食用油生產(chǎn)污水；磷脂；薄層色譜法；污水凈化；污水處理Oneofthemaintendenciesofdevelopmentoffoodindustryinthe21stcenturyisthecreationofusefulhealthyproductsthesocalledfunctionalfoodproducts.Aspecificfeatureofsuchproduc

7、tsisthattheycontainingredientswhichbesidestheirtraditionalnutrientenergysupplyingfunctionalsopossessarangeofspecificphysiologicalfunctionswhichhelphumanganismtocombatnegativeinfluenceofcivilisation.創(chuàng)造這種有用的、健康的叫做功能性食品的產(chǎn)品在

8、二十一世紀(jì)成為一種食品工業(yè)上的主要發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。這種產(chǎn)品的特征是包含了某些材料，除了具有提供傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)分和能量的功能，還具有一系列獨(dú)特的生理功能，有助于人體對(duì)抗負(fù)面影響。Foodindustryisoneofthemostresourcedemingbranchesofindustrytherefeitisespeciallyimptanttoensurerationalusageofrawmaterials.Intheprocessingsu

9、bbranchesofagriculturalcomplexwherethevalueofproductsiscomprisedofmaterialenergyexpendituresitisincreasinglycrucialtodecreasetheconsumptionofmaterials.Thiscanbeachievedbydintofwideimplementationofnonwastetechnologiescomp

10、lexusageofrawmaterialssecondary(recycled)resourcesincombinedindustry.Anotherimptantaspectofthesubjectproblemisensuringofecologicalsafetyofplantswherethefoodproductsareproducedaswellaseliminationoftheinfluenceofthewastesu

11、pontheenvironment.Oneofthemostimptantproblemswhichthefoodindustryenterprisesfaceistheproblemofwastewatertreatment.InUkrainefoodproducingenterprisesaremostlylocatedintheWesttheSouthWestwhichhavearichwkofwaterbodies.Thisme

12、ansthatcontroloverdisgeofsewagewateristobeexercisedmestrictlythanusualfoodproducingcompaniesintheseregionsaretobepreventedfrompollutingthewaterreservoirs.食品企業(yè)是對(duì)資源要求最高的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)之一，因此確保原材料的合理使用顯得尤為重要。農(nóng)食用油的提純導(dǎo)致全部或部分的有害物質(zhì)的被去除。取決于

13、純化的深度，以下類型食用油被生產(chǎn):?nonrefined(cleanedfrommechanicaladmixtures)?hydrated(cleanedfromphosphatides)?refinednondeodised(cleanedfromphosphatidesfreefatacidscolouringagents)?refineddeodised(refinedoilcleanedfromaromaticflavouri

14、ngsubstancespesticidescarcinogens).Afterthenonrefinedoilisseparatedfromtherawmaterialitistobefilteredlefttosettlesothatpeelingsparticlesofseedcoatspulpetccanberemoved.Thenonrefinedoilpossessescolourflavoursmellwhicharepe

15、culiartoitsmotherrawmaterialaswellasallthecrespondingsubstances(includingthebiologicallyactiveones)whicharenativetoit.?未精煉的(來(lái)自機(jī)械壓榨)?水合物(來(lái)自磷脂)?精煉有臭味的(來(lái)自磷脂，游離脂肪酸、著色劑)?精煉無(wú)臭味的(從香料和芳香物質(zhì)從殺蟲(chóng)劑和致癌物質(zhì)清洗出來(lái)的精煉油)。未精煉的油從原料分離后，是過(guò)濾或沉淀下來(lái)，

16、以便種皮胚、果肉等可以去掉。有臭味的油具有的顏色、氣味、味道都是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的其原料以及所有類似的物質(zhì)(包括生物活性物)都是土生土長(zhǎng)的。MostofUkrainianoilproducingenterprisesdonotprovidefpurificationofindustrialwastewatersdumpingthoussoftonnesofpollutingsubstancesintothewaterbodies.Thepuri

17、ficationfacilitieswhichexistinsomeplaceswereconstructedalongtimeagohadbeendesignedwithregardtotherequirementsofdomesticwastewaterpurification.SuchfacilitiesatbestpartiallydecreasethevalueofgeneralBOD(biologicaloxygendem)

18、simplyletthewastewaterflowthroughwhilstatwstthewastewaterisdecomposinginthesefacilitiesbecomesevenmepoisonouswhendumpedintowaterbodies.Suchindustrialwastewatersaremostlypollutedespeciallywithganicsubstancestherefethepuri

19、ficationfacilitieswhicharecurrentlyinoperationareunabletocleanthemincompliancewithsanitaryrequirements.Asignificantecologicaldangercomesfromthepollutionofsurfacewaterswithganicsubstanceswhichthewastewatersflowingfromcook

20、ingoilproducingfacilitiescontain.Thesesubstanceswhendumpedintowaterbodiespromptthedevelopmentofdecompositionprocessesinfectwaterbodieswithpathogenicbacteriacausewaterefflescencehaveanoverallnegativeinfluenceoverfaunafla.

21、Fmanyenterprisesofthesubjectbranchpurificationofwastewaterspresentsaseriousproblem.烏克蘭大部分的食用油生產(chǎn)企業(yè)不能凈化工業(yè)污水，排放成千上萬(wàn)噸的污染物質(zhì)進(jìn)入水體。一些存在凈化設(shè)備的地方是很久以前建立的而且是為生活污水凈化而設(shè)計(jì)的。這些設(shè)施即使在最好的情況下也只能減少部分BOD（生物需氧量）值或者僅僅是讓水通過(guò)；最壞的情況是這些污水在排入水體前腐蝕這些設(shè)備

22、并增強(qiáng)毒性。這些工業(yè)污水大多受到污染，特別是有機(jī)物的污染；當(dāng)前的凈化設(shè)備不能達(dá)到衛(wèi)生要求。這些受食用油生產(chǎn)企業(yè)產(chǎn)生的有機(jī)物污染的地表水成為重大的生態(tài)危機(jī)。這些物質(zhì)排放到水體中促進(jìn)了腐爛過(guò)程，病原菌污染了水體，導(dǎo)致水惡臭并且對(duì)動(dòng)植物產(chǎn)生影響。對(duì)于許多企業(yè)，污水凈化成為一個(gè)嚴(yán)峻的問(wèn)題。Thepurposeofthepresentstudyistoassesstheconditionofwastewaterspertainingtothepr