測(cè)繪工程專業(yè)英語(全書翻譯)

1、Uuit1 What is Geomatics? （什么是測(cè)繪學(xué)） （什么是測(cè)繪學(xué)）Geomatics Defined（測(cè)繪學(xué)定義） （測(cè)繪學(xué)定義）Where does the word Geomatics come from?（Geomatics－測(cè)繪或地球空間信息學(xué)，這個(gè)名詞是怎么來的呢？）GEODESY+GEOINFORMATICS=GEOMATICS or GEO- for earth and – MATICS for math

2、ematical or GEO- for Geoscience and -MATICS for informatics. （大地測(cè)量學(xué)＋地理信息學(xué)＝GEOMATICS 測(cè)繪學(xué) 或者 geo 代表地球，matics 代表數(shù)學(xué)，或者 geo 代表地球科學(xué)，matics 代表信息學(xué)）It has been said that geomatics is many things to many people.（據(jù)說測(cè)繪學(xué)這個(gè)詞對(duì)不同

3、的人有不同的理解）The term geomatics emerged first in Canada and as an academic discipline; it has been introduced worldwide in a number of institutes of higher education during the past few years, mostly by renaming what was pre

4、viously called “geodesy” or “surveying”, and by adding a number of computer sciences and/or GIS-oriented courses.（這個(gè)術(shù)語【term 術(shù)語】作為一個(gè)學(xué)科【academic discipline 學(xué)科】第一次形成【emerge】于加拿大；在過去的幾年里被全世界的許多高等教育研究機(jī)構(gòu)所熟知，通常是以前的“大地測(cè)量學(xué)”或“測(cè)

5、量學(xué)”在引入了許多計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)和 GIS 方向【或“基于 GIS”】的課程后重新命名的。）Now the term includes the traditional surveying definition along with surveying steadily increased importance with the development of new technologies and the growing demand fo

6、r a variety of spatially related types of information, particularly in measuring and monitoring our environment.（隨著新技術(shù)的發(fā)展和不斷增長(zhǎng)的對(duì)空間關(guān)系的信息類型的需求，尤其是在測(cè)量和監(jiān)測(cè)我們的環(huán)境方面【環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)】，現(xiàn)在，傳統(tǒng)測(cè)量學(xué)定義連同【along with】日益【steadily 穩(wěn)定的】增長(zhǎng)的測(cè)量的重要性一起包含在這個(gè)

7、術(shù)語里了?！径禾?hào)后面的句子修飾 demand】）Increasingly critical are areas of expanding populations, appreciating land values, dwindling naturalresources, and the continuing stressing of the quality of our land, water and air from human ac

8、tivities.（日益增長(zhǎng)的危機(jī)來自人口擴(kuò)張，地價(jià)上漲，資源緊縮【緊張】，還有由于人類活動(dòng)引起的土地、水、空氣質(zhì)量的持續(xù)的壓力【由人類活動(dòng)帶來的土地、水、空氣質(zhì)量的惡化】)As such, geomatics bridges wide arcs from the geosciences through various engineering sciences and computer sciences to spatial plann

9、ing, land development and the environmental sciences.（這樣，測(cè)繪學(xué)在地球科學(xué)，各種工程學(xué)【engineering sciences 工程學(xué)】，計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)，空間規(guī)劃，土地開發(fā)和環(huán)境科學(xué)相互之間架起了廣泛的橋梁。）Now the word geomatics has been adopted by several international bodies including the In

10、ternational Standards Organization(ISO),so it is here to stay.（現(xiàn)在 geomatics 這個(gè)詞已經(jīng)被包括 ISO【國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織】在內(nèi)的數(shù)個(gè)國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)【international bodies】所采用，因此它就這樣被普遍接受【be here to stay 習(xí)慣用語“被普遍接受”】)The term “surveyor” is traditionally used to

11、 collectively describe those engaged in the above activities. （surveyor 這個(gè)詞按慣例用來總指（這換成“總稱”較好）【collectively 全體的】那些從事上述活動(dòng)的人。）More explicit job descriptions such as Land Surveyor, Engineering Surveyor or Hydrographic Survey

12、or for example, are commonly used by practitioners to more clearly describe and market their specialized expertise.（更具體的【explicit 清楚的、直接的】工作如土地測(cè)量員、工程測(cè)量員和水道測(cè)量員，一般【commonly 一般地】被業(yè)內(nèi)人士【practitioners 從業(yè)者】用來更準(zhǔn)確的描述他們的專門技術(shù)?！局弊g為：

13、更清楚的工作描述就如如土地測(cè)量員、工程測(cè)量員和水道測(cè)量員，一般被從業(yè)者用來更準(zhǔn)確的描述他們的專門技術(shù)。】）presenting geographically referenced information(geo-spatial data ).（獲取、處理、存儲(chǔ)，分析和上呈【presenting 呈現(xiàn)】地理參考信息（地理空間信息）的科學(xué)和技術(shù)。）This broad term applies both to science and tec

14、hnology, and mapping, geodesy, satellite positioning, photogrammetry, remote sensing, geographic information systems(GIS), land management ,computer systems, environmental visualization and computer graphics.（這個(gè)廣泛的術(shù)語應(yīng)用于科

15、學(xué)和技術(shù)，以及制圖、大地測(cè)量學(xué)、衛(wèi)星定位、攝影測(cè)量學(xué)、遙感、地理信息系統(tǒng)、土地管理、計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)、環(huán)境可視化和計(jì)算機(jī)制圖等領(lǐng)域）Several terms such as “geomatics” ,“geomatic engineering,” and “geoinformatics” are now in common use pertaining to activities generally concerned with geogr

16、aphic information.（現(xiàn)在一些術(shù)語如“測(cè)繪學(xué)”，“測(cè)繪工程”和“地學(xué)信息學(xué)”共同應(yīng)用于某些活動(dòng)中―――專屬于【pertain to】通?！緂enerally】涉及【concern with】地理信息的活動(dòng)。）These terms have been adopted primarily to represent the general approach that geographic information is col

17、lected, managed, and applied. （這些術(shù)語起初被采用用來表示地理信息的采集、管理和應(yīng)用的總體的方法。）Along with land surveying, photogrammetry, remote sensing, and cartography, GIS is an important component of geomatics. （連同土地測(cè)量學(xué)，攝影測(cè)量學(xué)，遙感和制圖學(xué)一起，GIS 也是測(cè)繪學(xué)中重

18、要的一個(gè)組成部分。）Branches of Geomatics（測(cè)繪學(xué)分支） （測(cè)繪學(xué)分支）Data acquisition techniques include field surveying, global positioning system(GPS), satellite positioning, and remotely sensed imagery obtained through aerial photography an

19、d satellite imagery.（數(shù)據(jù)獲取技術(shù)包括普通野外測(cè)量，GPS 測(cè)量，衛(wèi)星定位和遙感圖像獲取，通過航空攝影和衛(wèi)星成像）It also includes the acquisition of database material scanned from older maps and plans and data collected by related agencies.（它還包括數(shù)據(jù)庫資料的獲取――通過掃描就有地圖和設(shè)計(jì)

20、圖，還有有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)收集的數(shù)據(jù)。）Data management and process are handled through the use of computer programs for engineering design,digital photogrammetry, image analysis, relational data base management, and geographic information syste

21、ms (GIS). （通過計(jì)算機(jī)程序，數(shù)據(jù)管理和處理 應(yīng)用于工程設(shè)計(jì)，數(shù)字?jǐn)z影測(cè)量【digital photogrammetry】，圖像分析，相關(guān)資料庫的管理和 GIS。）Data plotting(presentation) is handled through the use of mapping and other illustrative computer programs; the presentations are dis

22、played on computer screens(where interactive editing can occur)and are output on paper from digital plotting devices.（數(shù)據(jù)成圖【數(shù)字成圖】是通過制圖和其他直觀的計(jì)算機(jī)程序【illustrative 直觀的、說明性的】進(jìn)行的；其表達(dá)顯示在計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕上（交互式編輯處理），也可以通過數(shù)字繪圖儀輸出到紙上。【handle 操作、

23、處理】）Once the positions and attributes of geographic entities have been digitized and stored in computer memory, they are available for use by a wide variety of users.（一旦地理實(shí)體的位置和屬性被數(shù)字化并被存儲(chǔ)進(jìn)計(jì)算機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器，就可以有效的【available 有效的、可用的】

24、為廣泛的各種的使用者所用）Through the use of modern information technology(IT), geomatics brings together professionals in the following disciplines: surveying, mapping, remote sensing, land registration, civil and marine engineering