[雙語(yǔ)翻譯]鄉(xiāng)村旅游外文翻譯--鄉(xiāng)村旅游對(duì)扶貧和農(nóng)村社區(qū)發(fā)展的作用

1、2400 英文單詞， 英文單詞，13500 英文字符，中文 英文字符，中文 4000 字文獻(xiàn)出處： 文獻(xiàn)出處：Cristureanu C, Bobirc? A. The role of rural tourism for poverty alleviation and rural community development[J]. Lucr?ri ?tiin?ifice, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricol

2、e ?i Medicin? Veterinar?“ Ion Ionescu de la Brad“ Ia?i, Seria Agronomie, Romania, 2007, 50: 346-351.THE ROLE OF RURAL TOURISM FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND RURAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENTCristiana CRISTUREANU, Ana BOBIRC?Rural

3、 tourism can be envisaged as contributing to economic and social development of local communities, by including tourism policies, as well as specific programs and projects that aim at the reduction of poverty levels. Bas

4、ed on the analysis of a series of different country experiences, our paper emphasizes that, from the host community’s point of view, essential goals of tourism development must include generating higher levels of income,

5、 creating new employment opportunities, and increasing foreign exchange flows. Equally important, any such development must also protect the environment and especially the local culture, to which tourists are attracted i

6、n the first place. This is why the potential of rural tourism in local communities should be a central consideration in discussions on policies regarding poverty alleviation. An associated challenge is how to ensure that

7、 the local communities retain their “authentic” character to ensure sustainable long-term success without becoming too dependant on tourism but yet still benefit enough economically to make it worthwhile. Throughout the

8、analysis, we find that tourism is a potent force that is intimately intertwined with rural issues throughout the world and has had a dramatic impact most notably in developing countries. But, rural tourism, though a powe

9、rful tool for economic development and heritage sustainability, needs great care and sensitivity in planning, management and marketing to be socially as well as economically viable. The paper concludes by stating that to

10、urism must not distort, but rather complement the local village economic which is usually based on agri-rural production.Keywords: poverty alleviation, rural tourism, economic impacts, sustainable development, cost and b

11、enefits, master plan.From the development point of view, governments often consider rural tourism as an important element of rural economic development and poverty alleviation.Some reasons serve to explain why rural tour

12、ism is particularly well placed to meet the needs of underdeveloped rural communities. These include:? the attractiveness for tourism of some remote rural areas – which is particularly important, since an important part

13、of people in poverty live in rural areas;? the opportunity to support traditional activities, such as agriculture and handicrafts, through tourism;? the fact that tourism:- is a labor intensive industry, which can provid

14、e jobs for women and young people;- is also an industry where entry barriers to establishing new small businesses can be quite low;- leaving aside economics, can bring non-material benefits, such as pride in local cultu

15、re and a valorization of the surrounding natural environment in the eyes of local communities.For these purposes, rural tourism should be developed according to a coherent strategy that addresses both the provision of to

16、urist facilities and services in a sustainable manner and, after [11], but the demanding data requirements and assumptions - Jackson, [7] - that have to be made in quantifying all the costs and benefits make its use with

17、in the constraints of the aim of this research impracticable, and explain why it has been little used in rural tourism impact studies - Mathiesoon and Wall [10].The main challenge arises over how this methodological tool

18、box is applied in specific situations, where researchers are frequently constrained by the availability of recent disaggregated data, financial resources and time, which is the case for rural tourism.The linear programmi

19、ng framework proposed here achieves a structured method of identifying some of the wider costs and benefits, including those not immediately quantifiable, by treating them as constraints. It may be seen as an intermediat

20、e methodology between the multiplier approach, which focuses only on the benefits (income and employment generated) from rural tourism, and a full social cost-benefit analysis.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSBenefits and constrai

21、nts of rural tourism developmenta. Results of the empirical researchIt is widely recognized that the dominance of agriculture as the main driver of economic activity in rural areas must be shared with a more diversified

22、rural economy. Rural tourism offers potential as an economic instrument. It is a growing sector of the world's fastest growing industry, tourism.1. The origins of rural tourism can be traced to a number of factors an

23、d developments. These include the rapid industrialization and urbanization of developed societies, increased wealth and free time that have enabled visits to the countryside, where city dwellers seek a “different” type o

24、f experience. The concept of rural tourism embraces a number of constituent elements, at the heart of which lie the rural tourism community.2. The benefits and costs of rural tourism. Based on the analysis of different d

25、eveloping countries, where rural population is comparable in terms of income, extent and way of life to the Romanian rural community, we found that rural tourism can bring benefits as well as generate costs to rural comm

26、unities.The potential benefits arising from rural tourism can be summarized under the following headings:? Economic: opportunity for job creation; rural tourism activity can help sustain existing businesses in a rural ar

27、ea and encourage new business related to tourism; contribution to local government through taxes;? Social and cultural: maintenance and support of local services; opportunity for local community to benefit from new facil

28、ities developed for tourists (i.e. museums, restaurants etc); opportunity to meet tourists (cultural exchange); revitalization of traditions, customs and crafts; reduced rate of rural depopulation; enabling the recovery

29、of buildings of historical importance; favoring the recovery and conservation of traditional activities: festivals, handicrafts, etc.? Environmental: sustainable tourism can play a vital role in helping to protect and ma

30、intain both the built environment and the natural environment.The potential costs associated with inappropriate tourism development are:? Economic: pressure on public services; increase in the price of land (demand for h