[雙語翻譯]水災(zāi)外文翻譯--城市洪水災(zāi)害管理（英文）

1、Procedia Engineering 32 (2012) 25 – 371877-7058 © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.1233Available online at www.sciencedirect.comI-SEEC2011Urban flood disaster management T. Tingsanchali?P

2、rogram of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand Elsevier use only: Received 30 September 2011; Revised 10 November 201

3、1; Accepted 25 November 2011. Abstract Flood impact is one of the most significant disasters in the world. More than half of global flood damages occur in Asia. Causes of floods are due to natural factors such as heavy

4、 rainfall, high floods and high tides, etc., and human factors such as blocking of channels or aggravation of drainage channels, improper land use, deforestation in headwater regions, etc. Floods result in losses of li

5、fe and damage properties. Population increase results in more urbanization, more impervious area and less infiltration and greater flood peak and runoff. Problems become more critical due to more severe and frequent fl

6、ooding likely caused by climate change, socio-economic damage, population affected, public outcry and limited funds. Flood loss prevention and mitigation includes structural flood control measures such as construction

7、of dams or river dikes and non-structural measures such as flood forecasting and warning, flood hazard and risk management, public participation and institutional arrangement, etc. This paper describes concepts, policy

8、, plan and operation on integrated urban flood disaster and risk management. In most developing countries, flood disaster management activities are handled by government. Participation of non- governmental agencies and

9、private sectors are very limited. Activities are exercised rather independently without proper coordination or integration. Flood disaster management in developing countries is mostly reactive responding to prevailing

10、disaster situations (emergency response and recovery). Reactive response should be changed to proactive response to increase effectiveness of management and reduce losses of life and properties. Proactive disaster mana

11、gement requires more participation from various governments, non-governmental and private agencies and public participation. It involves more effort and time, more budget, equipments, facilities and human resources wh

12、ich leads to integration of flood disaster management for both long term and short term activities. Strategic framework on integrated flood disaster management includes four cyclic steps namely: 1) preparedness before f

13、lood impact such as flood forecasting and warning; 2) readiness upon flood arrival; 3) emergency responses during flood impact and; 4) recovery and rehabilitation after flood impact. Examples on urban flood disaster an

14、d risk management in Thailand are illustrated and discussed. Conclusions and recommendations for further improvement are provided. © 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility

15、 of I-SEEC2011 Keywords: Urban floods; Flood disaster management; Flood control measures; Risk management; Thailand * Corresponding author. E-mail address: tawatch_t@hotmail.com. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.Ope

16、n access under CC BY-NC-ND license.27 T. Tingsanchali / Procedia Engineering 32 (2012) 25 – 37Fig. 1. Flooding in Bangkok in 2002 (above) and Had Yai City in 2000 (below) October 2, 2002 Bangkok traffic in Chaos as City