情態(tài)動(dòng)詞學(xué)習(xí)六要素

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞學(xué)習(xí)六要素,一、注意情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測(cè)用法推測(cè)性情態(tài)動(dòng)詞共有三個(gè)，其用法見(jiàn)表,例1：--Are you coming to Jeff’s party?--I’m not sure. I ____go to the concert instead.(NMET2000) A. mustB. would C. shouldD. might,析：選D。I’m not sure.的語(yǔ)境表明把握性不大，當(dāng)然我去參加音

2、樂(lè)演奏會(huì)的可能性就比較小了，故不用must應(yīng)用might,例 2：--_____the news be true?—No, it_____be true.A. Can, can’t B. May, can’tC. May, may not D. Must, mustn’t,析： 選A。因?yàn)榍鞍刖涫且蓡?wèn)句，后半句為否定句，兩空都不能使用may/might 和must，應(yīng)而用can和can’t。,二、了解情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成式用

3、法,（一）should /ought to have done本來(lái)應(yīng)做而未做，表達(dá)遺憾感情色彩,例1：I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I ____for her.(NMET94) had to write it out must have written it outC. should have written it outD. ought to write it

4、 out,析：選C。分析語(yǔ)境可知，口頭上告知Sally如何去那里是不夠的，所以我本應(yīng)書(shū)面告知，卻有沒(méi)書(shū)面告知之，顯得應(yīng)使用should /ought to have written表示遺憾之情。,例2：I was really anxious about you, you_____home without a word.(NMET2001) A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have lef

5、t C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave,析: 選B。 由語(yǔ)境可知，我真的為你擔(dān)心，所以你不應(yīng)該一句話(huà)不說(shuō)就離開(kāi)家，但實(shí)際上你確實(shí)這么做了，顯然應(yīng)填shouldn’t/ought to have left，表示責(zé)備。,（二）may/might have done可能已做must have done 一定已做can’t have done不可能做,例1：--Where i

6、s my pen? -- I _____it.(NMET88)A. might lose B. wouldn’t have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost,例2：The light in his room is still on, so he _____ to bed.A. mustn’t have goneB. must have go

7、neC. shouldn’t have gone D. can’t have gone,析：選D。由于他房間里的燈還亮著推測(cè)，他不可能已經(jīng)上床睡覺(jué)了，應(yīng)填can’t have gone 。,（三）could have done指本來(lái)能做而實(shí)際未做，表達(dá)遺憾的感情色彩,You could at least have sent five cards.你至少可以寄5張明信片的。,四、熟悉情態(tài)動(dòng)詞委婉用法： c

8、ould, would, might等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞均有委婉用法，它們不是過(guò)去式而是表示語(yǔ)氣委婉、客氣、禮貌，常用與疑問(wèn)句，并多用于習(xí)慣表達(dá)， 如would you please, would you mind, would you like to等，might還可以用于肯定句表示推測(cè)，表示可能性小， might和could表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)時(shí)，回答必須還成may, can.,例1：--Could I borrow your dictionar

9、y?—Yes, of course you____.A. mightB. will C. canD. should,析：選C。該句用can的委婉表達(dá)式could 來(lái)征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)，could 和might通用，但回答時(shí)必須還成can或may，因此該題不選A.,例2：____you mind my smoking here?A. ShouldB Could C. Might

10、D. Would,析：選D。征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)我是否在這兒吸煙，語(yǔ)氣理應(yīng)委婉，所以應(yīng)選委婉的表達(dá)方式would you mind…來(lái)征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。,五、弄清情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的異化現(xiàn)象,有些情態(tài)用于疑問(wèn)句進(jìn)行回答時(shí)，出現(xiàn)了異化現(xiàn)象，此時(shí)回答在某個(gè)角度不能繼續(xù)使用該情態(tài)動(dòng)詞， 而改用別的動(dòng)詞。,例1：--Must I start at once? —No, you____.A. needn’tB. mustn’t

11、 C. can’tD. won’t,析：A。由語(yǔ)境可知該答句表示“不必”，而mustn’t表示“不準(zhǔn)、禁止”，不符合語(yǔ)境，顯然應(yīng)使用needn’t表示“不必”，但肯定句回答繼續(xù)用must。,例2：--Need I hand in my exercise book at once? —Yes, you_____.A. mustB. need C. canD. w

12、ill,析：選A。根據(jù)規(guī)定need用于一般疑問(wèn)句作肯定回答應(yīng)換成must,而作否定回答時(shí)，使用need的否定式needn’t。,六、掌握征求意見(jiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的回答,不少情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可用于疑問(wèn)句征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)，但人稱(chēng)上有時(shí)有特殊要求，請(qǐng)看下表：,例1：--_____I tell John about it? --No, you needn’t. I have told him already.(NMET94)

13、A. ShallB. Will C. CanD. May,析：選A。從回答句“No, you needn’t”的語(yǔ)境可知，問(wèn)句征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)，表示“需要”而且用語(yǔ)第一人稱(chēng)，要使用shall。,例2：_____you please help me with my English? A. WouldB. Do C. ShallD. Can,析：A。次句表示追求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)，有“愿意